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Categories

• Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)
• Customized SPE Cartridge
• Automated SPE Robot
• Filtration Systems
• Customized Glassware
• Customized Reactor
• Shaker/Oven/Sonicators
• Waterbath/Fridge/Preservation
• Water/Wastewater Sensors
• Aquatic Genomics
• DNA/RNA Extraction
• Genomic DNA Cleanup
• Gel Electrophoresis
• Next-Gen Sequencing
• Waterborne Pathogen Detection
• Microbial Culture/Screening
• Pharmaceutical Residue Detection
• Herbicide Detection
• PFAS Detection
• Microplastic Detection
• Mobile Lab Solution

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Aquatic Genomics

Unlock the hidden microbial diversity of water ecosystems with our comprehensive genomic sequencing services. From targeted amplicon sequencing to complete metagenomic profiling, our state-of-the-art facilities in South Korea, Singapore, and China deliver high-quality sequencing data for water quality assessment, microbial source tracking, and ecological research. Identify waterborne pathogens, characterize microbial communities, and discover novel organisms with next-generation sequencing technology.

16S rRNA Sequencing (Bacterial Profiling)

Bacterial Community Analysis

Industry-standard method for comprehensive bacterial identification and diversity assessment:

• Target Region - Full-length 16S rRNA gene (~1,500 bp) or hypervariable regions (V1-V9) | V3-V4 region (recommended for drinking water) | V4 region (optimal for wastewater diversity)
• Sequencing Platforms - Illumina MiSeq (2×300 bp, up to 96 samples/run) | Illumina NovaSeq (high-throughput, 384+ samples) | PacBio Sequel IIe (full-length 16S, superior species resolution)
• Detection Limit - <0.01% relative abundance | Detect rare taxa in complex communities
• Taxonomic Resolution - Genus-level identification standard | Species-level with full-length sequencing | Strain differentiation possible with high-depth sequencing
• Bioinformatics Pipeline - Quality filtering and chimera removal | ASV (Amplicon Sequence Variant) or OTU clustering | Taxonomic assignment using SILVA, Greengenes, or RDP databases | Alpha/beta diversity analysis | Differential abundance testing
• Applications - Drinking water bacterial community profiling, wastewater treatment process monitoring, biofilm characterization, antibiotic resistance gene tracking, fecal source identification (MST), pathogen screening (Legionella, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium)

Quantitative 16S Analysis (qPCR + Sequencing)

Combines absolute quantification with community composition:

• Dual Approach - qPCR determines total bacterial load (cells/mL) | Sequencing reveals relative abundance of taxa
• Accuracy - Absolute quantification corrects sequencing bias | True abundance estimation for each taxon
• Applications - Regulatory compliance monitoring, treatment efficacy assessment, disinfection validation, biofouling investigations

18S rRNA Sequencing (Eukaryotic Profiling)

Algae, Protozoa & Eukaryotic Microorganism Identification

Characterize eukaryotic communities in aquatic systems:

• Target Region - 18S rRNA V4 or V9 hypervariable regions | Full-length 18S (~1,800 bp) for comprehensive phylogeny
• Taxonomic Coverage - Algae (diatoms, cyanobacteria, green algae) | Protozoa (Cryptosporidium, Giardia, amoebae) | Fungi (aquatic fungi, yeasts) | Metazoa (rotifers, nematodes)
• Database References - PR2 (Protist Ribosomal Reference), SILVA eukaryotic database | Custom databases for waterborne pathogens
• Sequencing Depth - 10,000-50,000 reads per sample | Higher depth for rare pathogen detection
• Resolution - Genus/species-level for most groups | Some taxa require ITS or other markers for species ID
• Applications - Harmful algal bloom (HAB) monitoring, taste and odor investigations (algae metabolites), drinking water protozoan surveillance, ecological impact assessments, reservoir water quality, swimming pool/spa microbiology

Pathogenic Protozoa Screening

Targeted detection of waterborne parasitic threats:

• Target Organisms - Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri
• Sensitivity - Detection of <1 oocyst/cyst in concentrated samples | Superior to microscopy methods
• Species Differentiation - Distinguish pathogenic from non-pathogenic species (e.g., C. hominis vs. C. parvum)
• Applications - Source water monitoring, treatment validation, outbreak investigations, recreational water safety

ITS Sequencing (Fungal Profiling)

Fungal Community Characterization

Identify fungi and yeast in water distribution systems and natural waters:

• Target Region - ITS1 or ITS2 (Internal Transcribed Spacer) | Most variable fungal marker for species-level ID
• Sequencing Platform - Illumina MiSeq 2×300 bp | PacBio for full ITS region and complex samples
• Taxonomic Databases - UNITE (fungal-specific ITS database) | NCBI GenBank for comprehensive coverage
• Common Aquatic Fungi - Aspergillus, Penicillium, Candida, Fusarium, Cladosporium, aquatic hyphomycetes
• Detection Sensitivity - <0.1% relative abundance | Identifies rare opportunistic pathogens
• Applications - Drinking water distribution system biofilms, cooling tower contamination, wastewater fungal ecology, biodegradation studies, indoor water damage assessments (linked to building water systems)

Fungal Pathogen Surveillance

Screen for medically important and indicator fungi:

• Target Pathogens - Candida auris (emerging threat), Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium species
• Clinical Relevance - Hospital water systems, immunocompromised patient risk assessment
• Applications - Healthcare facility water monitoring, premise plumbing investigations, biofilm-associated infections

Shotgun Metagenomics

Whole Community Genomic Sequencing

Comprehensive analysis of all microorganisms without amplification bias:

• Methodology - Total DNA extraction and sequencing | No PCR amplification = no primer bias | Sequence all genomic DNA in sample
• Sequencing Depth - 5-50 million reads per sample (standard) | 100M+ reads for deep profiling or strain-level resolution
• Platforms Available - Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (high-throughput, cost-effective) | MGI DNBSEQ (ultra-high-throughput, China facility) | Nanopore PromethION (long reads, real-time analysis)
• Comprehensive Data Output - Taxonomic profiling (bacteria, archaea, viruses, eukaryotes) | Functional gene annotation (metabolic pathways, resistance genes) | Strain-level identification | Plasmid and mobile genetic element detection
• Antibiotic Resistance Profiling - Detect ARGs (antibiotic resistance genes) using CARD, ARG-ANNOT databases | Identify resistance mechanisms (efflux pumps, beta-lactamases) | Track horizontal gene transfer
• Virulence Factor Detection - Identify pathogenic strains by virulence gene presence | Toxin-encoding genes (Shiga toxin, enterotoxins) | Type III secretion systems
• Applications - Wastewater epidemiology (drug use, disease surveillance), antibiotic resistance monitoring in effluent, microbial source tracking with high resolution, discovery of novel microorganisms, functional characterization of treatment processes, One Health surveillance programs

Viral Metagenomics (Viromics)

Characterize viral communities and detect waterborne viruses:

• Sample Enrichment - Virus concentration and purification from water matrices | Removes host DNA/RNA for viral enrichment
• Target Coverage - DNA viruses (phages, adenoviruses) | RNA viruses (noroviruses, enteroviruses, SARS-CoV-2)
• Bioinformatics - De novo assembly of viral genomes | Comparison to RefSeq Viral, IMG/VR databases | Novel virus discovery potential
• Applications - Wastewater-based epidemiology (COVID-19, polio surveillance), drinking water viral safety, environmental virus ecology, phage therapy development

De Novo Bacterial Genome Sequencing

Complete Genome Assembly

High-quality reference genomes for cultured isolates from water samples:

• Sequencing Strategy - Hybrid approach: Illumina short reads (high accuracy) + PacBio HiFi or Nanopore long reads (complete assembly)
• Assembly Quality - Complete, closed circular chromosomes | Plasmids fully resolved | <1 error per 100,000 bases (Q50+)
• Coverage Depth - 100-200× Illumina coverage | 50-100× long-read coverage | Ensures high confidence in assembly
• Genome Annotation - Gene prediction using Prokka, RAST, or NCBI PGAP | Functional annotation with KEGG, COG, GO terms | Antibiotic resistance and virulence gene identification
• Comparative Genomics - Compare to reference strains | Identify unique genes or gene clusters | Phylogenetic placement | Pan-genome analysis
• Turnaround Time - Library prep to annotated genome: 3-4 weeks | Rush service available (2 weeks)
• Applications - Waterborne pathogen characterization, novel bacterial species description, probiotic strain development, bioremediation organism optimization, outbreak strain typing (hospital water systems), environmental isolate genomics

Plasmid Sequencing & Characterization

Isolate and sequence mobile genetic elements:

• Plasmid Extraction - Separate plasmids from chromosomal DNA | Long-read sequencing for complete plasmid assembly
• Resistance Plasmid Tracking - Identify ARG-carrying plasmids in wastewater | Trace horizontal gene transfer events
• Applications - Antibiotic resistance surveillance, bioremediation plasmid engineering, synthetic biology applications

Regional Sequencing Centers

Sample Requirements & Preparation

Water Sample Collection

Optimized protocols for aquatic genomic samples:

• Sample Volume - Drinking water: 5-20L (low biomass) | Wastewater: 500mL-2L | Surface water: 1-5L | Biofilm swabs acceptable
• Filtration - 0.22 µm membrane filters (bacteria, small eukaryotes) | 0.45 µm pre-filters for high-turbidity samples | 5-10 µm filters for algae/protozoa enrichment
• Preservation - Immediate freezing at -80°C preferred | RNAlater or DNA/RNA Shield for room-temperature storage (up to 1 month) | Dry ice shipping to facility
• DNA Extraction - Performed at sequencing facility using validated protocols | PowerWater DNA Isolation Kit or equivalent | Yield: 10 ng-10 µg DNA required (varies by application)
• Quality Control - DNA quantification (Qubit fluorometry) | Purity assessment (260/280, 260/230 ratios) | Fragment size analysis (gel electrophoresis or Bioanalyzer)

Culture Isolate Submission (De Novo Sequencing)

Guidelines for bacterial strain submission:

• Culture Purity - Pure culture required (single colony isolation) | 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing confirmation recommended
• Shipment - Agar stab or slant culture | Glycerol stock at -80°C | Live culture on agar plates (shipped on ice, arrives within 48 hours)
• Metadata - Isolation source, date, location | Growth conditions (media, temperature) | Preliminary identification if available

Bioinformatics & Data Analysis

Applications by Water Type

Water Type	Recommended Sequencing	Key Questions Addressed
Drinking Water (Distribution)	16S rRNA V3-V4 + 18S rRNA	Biofilm bacteria, opportunistic pathogens (Legionella, Mycobacterium), protozoan presence
Wastewater (Municipal)	Shotgun metagenomics + 16S rRNA	Antibiotic resistance genes, microbial community function, pathogen surveillance
Surface Water (Rivers, Lakes)	16S + 18S + ITS (comprehensive)	Ecosystem health, algal bloom risk, fecal contamination sources, biodiversity assessment
Groundwater	16S rRNA + metagenomics (if contaminated)	Microbial intrusion, bioremediation potential, aquifer microbiology, contamination sources
Industrial Effluent	Metagenomics + 16S rRNA	Specific pollutant degraders, bioreactor performance, resistant strains, discharge compliance
Recreational Water (Pools, Spas)	16S + 18S + ITS	Pathogenic bacteria/fungi, biofilm formation, disinfection efficacy, safety assessment
Cooling Towers	16S rRNA (Legionella-focused) + ITS	Legionella species identification, biofilm microbiology, biocide resistance

Why Choose Our Aquatic Genomics Services?